Dihydrolipoic acid, a dithiol-containing carboxylic acid, acts as a general antioxidant that is highly reactive against a variety of reactive oxygen species, including peroxynitirite, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, at concentrations ranging from 0.01-0.5 mM.

Safranal is the special volatile aroma compound of saffron.Safranal has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for Parkinson’s disease research.

Isovitexin an active component of many traditional Chinese medicines shows various activities such as anti-oxidant anti-inflammatory anti-alzheimer disease (AD) effects and so on.